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Talent is one of the basic and strategic supports for building a modern socialist country in all aspects. Since the 1980s, the establishment of forensic medicine major and the cultivation of innovative talents in forensic medicine have become hot topics in higher education in forensic medicine. Over the past 43 years, the forensic medicine team of Shanxi Medical University has adhered to the joint education of public security and colleges, and made collaborative innovation, forming a training mode of "One Combination, Two Highlights, Three Combinations, Four in One" for innovative talents in forensic medicine. It has carried out "5+3/X" integrated reform, and formed a relatively complete talent training innovation mode and management system in teaching, scientific research, identification, major, discipline, team, platform and cultural construction. It has made a historic contribution to China's higher forensic education, accumulated valuable experience for the construction of first-class major and first-class discipline of forensic medicine, and provided strong support for the construction of the national new forensic talent training system. The popularization of this training mode is conducive to the rapid and sustainable development of forensic science, and provides more excellent forensic talents for national building, regional social development and the discipline construction of forensic science.
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Humans , Forensic Medicine/education , AptitudeABSTRACT
Objective:To investigate the mechanism of Jianpi Yangzheng recipe in inhibiting aerobic glycolysis by down-regulating the expression of pyruvate kinase isoenzyme M2 (PKM2) protein, in order to promote apoptosis and inhibite epithelial-mesenchymal transition（EMT）in HCT116 cells of colorectal cancer. Method:The effect of different concentrations of Jianpi Yangzheng recipe on HCT116 cell proliferation was detected by methylthiazolyldiphenyl-tetrazolium bromide（MTT）colorimetry. Flow cytometry was used to detect the effect of different concentrations of Jianpi Yangzheng recipe（2.0, 4.0, 8.0 g·L-1） on HCT116 cell apoptosis. The effect of Jianpi Yangzheng recipe（2.0, 4.0, 8.0 g·L-1） on the migration and invasion ability of HCT116 cells was observed by cell scratch and cell invasion assay (Transwell). The effect of different concentrations of Jianpi Yangzheng recipe（2.0, 4.0, 8.0 g·L-1） on glycolysis metabolism of HCT116 cells were detected by lactic acid (LD) test kit and glucose assay kit, respectively. Western blot was used to detect the expressions of apoptosis-related proteins, like B lymphocyte tumor-2 gene (Bcl-2), Bcl-2 related X protein (Bax) and EMT-related proteins, like epithelial cadherin (E-cadherin)，neurogenic cadherin（N-cadherin）, Vimentin, and PKM2, the key protein of glycolysis, in each group. Result:MTT assay showed that, compared with the blank group, HCT116 cells were treated with Jianpi Yangzheng recipe for 48 h. With the increase of drug concentration, the inhibitory effect of Jianpi Yangzheng recipe on the proliferation of HCT116 cells was also increased; and when the concentration was 4.0 g·L-1, the inhibition rate of HCT116 cells was about 53.87%. Therefore, 2.0，4.0，8.0 g·L-1 were selected as low, medium and high-dose groups for the study. The cell flow cytometry results indicated that, compared with the blank group, the low, medium and high-dose groups all significantly induced the apoptosis of HCT116 cells (P<0.05), and the effect in inducing apoptosis was more obvious with the increase of drug concentration (P<0.05). Cell scratch and Transwell showed that, compared with the blank group, all the groups had an inhibitory effect on migration and invasion of HCT116 cells (P<0.05), and the effect was more significant with the increase of drug concentration (P<0.05). The determination of lactic acid and glucose indicated that compared with the blank group, with the increase of drug concentration, the amount of lactic acid produced by cells in each group gradually decreased (P<0.05), while the glucose dosage also gradually decreased (P<0.05). Western blot showed that, compared with the blank group, the protein expressions of E-cadherin and Bax were up-regulated in groups with different concentrations, whereas the protein expressions of N-cadherin, Vimentin, Bcl-2 and PKM2 were down-regulated (P<0.05). Conclusion:Jianpi Yangzheng recipe can effectively induce the apoptosis of HCT116 cells and inhibit EMT in colorectal cancer. The possible mechanism may be related to the inhibition of aerobic glycolysis pathway of HCT116 cells by down-regulating PKM2 protein expression.
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Objective:To investigate the anti-tumor effect mechanism of atractylenolide Ⅱ by studying its effect on macrophage polarization. Method:Phorbol myristate acetate （PMA） was used to induce THP-1 cells differentiation into macrophages， and methylthiazolyldiphenyl-tetrazolium bromide（MTT）colorimetric assay was used to detect the effect of different concentrations of atractylenolide Ⅱ on macrophage growth at different time points to screen out the safe concentration of atractylenolide Ⅱ. The macrophages were treated with different concentrations of atractylenolide Ⅱ for 24 hours and then were co-cultured with gastric cancer cells. The survival of the two types of cells was observed under light microscope. The proliferation of gastric cancer cells was detected by MTT assay to determine the effective administration concentrations of atractylenolide Ⅱ. Cells were divided into blank group， model group， atractylenolide Ⅱ high dose group （200 mg·L-1）， atractylenolide Ⅱ medium dose group （100 mg·L-1）， and atractylenolide Ⅱ low dose group（50 mg·L-1）. Wound healing assay was carried out to observe the effects of different concentrations of atractylenolide Ⅱ on the migration and morphology of gastric cancer cells. The expression levels of M1 and M2 macrophage surface markers CD86 and CD206 were detected by flow cytometry analysis（FCM）. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction（Real-time PCR）and Western blot were used to detect M1， M2 macrophage-associated tumor necrosis factor （TNF） -α， human leukocyte antigen 2 （HLA-DRA）， CD80， transforming growth factor （TGF）-β， interleukin （IL） -10 and IL-6 genes and protein expression. Western blot was used to detect intracellular phosphatidyl inositol kinase （PI3K） and p-PI3K protein expression in macrophages. Result:When the concentration of atractylenolide Ⅱ was 1， 10， 50， 100， 200 mg·L-1， it showed no inhibition on macrophage growth. As compared with the model group， macrophages treated with 50， 100， 200 mg·L-1 atractylenolide Ⅱ significantly inhibited tumor cell proliferation （P<0.01）. As compared with the model group， the migration rate of tumor cells in the atractylenolide Ⅱ （200，100 mg·L-1） groups decreased （P<0.05）. The expression levels of CD86 on M1 macrophage surfacen in the atractylenolide Ⅱ （200，100，50 mg·L-1） groups were increased（P<0.05，P<0.01）， and the expression levels of CD206 on M2 macrophagen in the atractylenolide Ⅱ （200 mg·L-1） group were decreased （P<0.05）. The expression levels of M1 macrophage-associated cytokines TNF-α， HLA-DRA， CD80 mRNA in the atractylenolide Ⅱ （200，100 mg·L-1） groups were increased（P<0.05，P<0.01）， and TNF-α protein expression in the atractylenolide Ⅱ （200 mg·L-1） group was increased （P<0.05）， M2 type macrophage-associated cytokine TGF-β mRNA expression levels in the atractylenolide Ⅱ （50 mg·L-1） group were decreased， and IL-10， IL-6 protein expression levels in the atractylenolide Ⅱ （200 mg·L-1） group were decreased （P<0.05，P<0.01）. The expression levels of p-PI3K protein in the atractylenolide Ⅱ （200，100 mg·L-1） groups were also decreased（P<0.05，P<0.01）. Conclusion:Atractylenolide Ⅱ could induce the polarization of macrophages to M1 type by reducing the expression of p-PI3K in macrophages and inhibiting the proliferation and migration of gastric cancer cells.
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BACKGROUND@#Transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) offers a new approach for adult patients with major depressive disorder (MDD). The study is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of tACS treating MDD.@*METHODS@#This is an 8-week, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study. Ninety-two drug-naive patients with MDD aged 18 to 65 years will receive 20 daily 40-min, 77.5-Hz, 15-mA sessions of active or sham tACS targeting the forehead and both mastoid areas on weekdays for 4 consecutive weeks (week 4), following a 4-week observation period (week 8). The primary outcome is the remission rate defined as the 17-item Hamilton depression rating scale (HDRS-17) score ≤7 at week 8. Secondary outcomes are the rates of response at weeks 4 and 8 and rate of remission at week 4 based on HDRS-17, the proportion of participants having improvement in the clinical global impression-improvement, the change in HDRS-17 score (range, 0-52, with higher scores indicating more depression) over the study, and variations of brain imaging and neurocognition from baseline to week 4. Safety will be assessed by vital signs at weeks 4 and 8, and adverse events will be collected during the entire study.@*DISCUSSION@#The tACS applied in this trial may have treatment effects on MDD with minimal side effects.@*TRIAL REGISTRATION@#Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, ChiCTR1800016479; http://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.aspx?proj=22048.
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OBJECTIVE@#To establish a novel method to isolate endothelial progenitor cells（EPC） from cryopreserved umbilical cord blood (cryoUCB), to investigate the biological characteristics of EPC and to improve the rate of EPC obtained from cryoUCB.@*METHODS@#Twelve cryoUCB samples during 2000 to 2001 years were collected from allogeneic cord blood bank, cryoUCB was thawed rapidly in a water bath at 37 ℃, total nucleated cells (TNCs) were washed by phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). TNCs were seeded onto fibronectin-coated dishes to isolate EPC. Flow cytometry and immunofluorescence were used to identify EPC. The function of EPC was identified in vitro, such as the incorporation of Dil-Ac-LDL and FITC-UEA-I, the formation of capillary-like structure in matrigel, and the release of VEGF by ELISA.@*RESULTS@#One to five cluster of cobble stone-like cells appeared at 2-3 weeks after seeding. Flow cytometric analysis showed that positive rates of CD31, CD34, CD144, and VEGFR (CD309) were（92.91±5.20）%, （30.0±23.27）%, （88.55±3.83）% and （67.21±12.12）% in passage 1 to passage 3 of EPC. EPC could uptake Dil-Ac-LDL and FITC-UEA-I, form capillary-like network on Matriget and release VEGF.@*CONCLUSION@#EPC had been successfully isolated from cryopreserved umbilical cord blood by this method with high stability and reproducibility. EPC can be obtained in 85% frozen umbilical cord blood. This method may lay a foundation to supply abundant EPC for clinical application.
Subject(s)
Cell Differentiation , Cells, Cultured , Endothelial Progenitor Cells , Fetal Blood , Reproducibility of Results , Stem CellsABSTRACT
@#AIM: To understand the prevalence of diabetic retinopathy(DR)in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in the southern medical treatment combination of Chaoyang District, Beijing, and to analyze the risk factors.<p>METHODS:A stratified cluster random sampling method was used to randomly select 840 residents aged 40 years and older who were diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus as the target population for the survey from the residents health records of five Community Health Service Centers in the southern medical treatment combination of Chaoyang District, Beijing from November 2016 to November 2017. General patient data, physical examination, blood test results were collected, and all patients underwent dilated fundus examination. The prevalence of DR was calculated and Logistic regression was used to analyze DR risk factors.<p>RESULTS: The prevalence of diabetic retinopathy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in the southern medical treatment combination of Chaoyang District, Beijing was 35.7%, among which the prevalence of mild, moderate and severe nonproliferative and proliferative diseases was 68.3%, 12.3%, 5.0% and 14.3%, respectively. Age, duration, insulin use, HbA1c and diabetic foot were independent risk factors for DR. <p>CONCLUSION: The prevalence of DR in patients with type 2 diabetes is higher in the area. When community doctors regularly follow up on diabetic patients, they should not only urge patients to strictly control blood sugar, regularly detect HbA1c, but also pay special attention to younger patients, patients with long course, patients with insulin use and patients with diabetic foot.
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<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>The brain stem is found to be impaired in multiple system atrophy-cerebellar types (MSA-C). Rapid eye movement (REM) sleep behavior disorder (RBD) is reported as a marker of progressive brain stem dysfunction. Few systematic studies about the sleep disturbances in MSA-C patients combined with or without RBD were reported. This study aimed to explore the polysomnographic (PSG) features of sleep disturbances between MSA-C patients with and without RBD.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Totally, 46 MSA-C patients (23 with RBD, and 23 without RBD) were enrolled in this study. All patients underwent a structured interview for their demographic data, history of sleep pattern, and movement disorders; and then, overnight video-PSG was performed in each patient. All the records were evaluated by specialists at the Sleep Medicine Clinic for RBD and the Movement Disorder Clinic for MSA-C. The Student's t-test, Mann-Whitney U-test for continuous variables, and the Chi-square test for categorical variables were used in this study.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>MSA-C patients with RBD had younger visiting age (52.6 ± 7.4 vs. 56.7 ± 6.0 years, P = 0.046) and shorter duration of the disease (12.0 [12.0, 24.0] vs. 24.0 [14.0, 36.0] months, P = 0.009) than MSA-C patients without RBD. MSA-C with RBD had shorter REM sleep latency (111.7 ± 48.2 vs. 157.0 ± 68.8 min, P = 0.042), higher percentage of REM sleep (14.9% ±4.0% vs. 10.0% ± 3.2%, P = 0.019), and lower Stage I (9.5% ±7.2% vs. 15.9% ±8.0%, P = 0.027) than MSA-C without RBD. Moreover, MSA-C patients with RBD had more decreased sleep efficiency (52.4% ±12.6% vs. 65.8% ±15.9%, P = 0.029) than that without RBD.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>In addition to the RBD, MSA-C patients with RBD had other more severe sleep disturbances than those without RBD. The sleep disorders of MSA patients might be associated with the progress of the disease.</p>
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Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Cerebellar Ataxia , Embryology , Multiple System Atrophy , Polysomnography , REM Sleep Behavior DisorderABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To systematically review the updated information about the gut microbiota-brain axis.</p><p><b>DATA SOURCES</b>All articles about gut microbiota-brain axis published up to July 18, 2016, were identified through a literature search on PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Web of Science, with the keywords of "gut microbiota", "gut-brain axis", and "neuroscience".</p><p><b>STUDY SELECTION</b>All relevant articles on gut microbiota and gut-brain axis were included and carefully reviewed, with no limitation of study design.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>It is well-recognized that gut microbiota affects the brain's physiological, behavioral, and cognitive functions although its precise mechanism has not yet been fully understood. Gut microbiota-brain axis may include gut microbiota and their metabolic products, enteric nervous system, sympathetic and parasympathetic branches within the autonomic nervous system, neural-immune system, neuroendocrine system, and central nervous system. Moreover, there may be five communication routes between gut microbiota and brain, including the gut-brain's neural network, neuroendocrine-hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, gut immune system, some neurotransmitters and neural regulators synthesized by gut bacteria, and barrier paths including intestinal mucosal barrier and blood-brain barrier. The microbiome is used to define the composition and functional characteristics of gut microbiota, and metagenomics is an appropriate technique to characterize gut microbiota.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Gut microbiota-brain axis refers to a bidirectional information network between the gut microbiota and the brain, which may provide a new way to protect the brain in the near future.</p>
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Animals , Humans , Brain , Metabolism , Physiology , Central Nervous System , Metabolism , Physiology , Gastrointestinal Microbiome , Physiology , Gastrointestinal Tract , Microbiology , Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System , Metabolism , Physiology , Pituitary-Adrenal System , Metabolism , PhysiologyABSTRACT
This study was purposed to investigate the changes of peripheral blood T cells in children with acute leukemia at different stages and understand the immune status of children with leukemia. The CD4⁺, CD8⁺, CD4⁺/ CD8⁺ ratio, CD3⁺ and NK cells in 42 children with acute leukemia and 50 cases of normal children (as control group) were determined by flow cytometry at different periods after complete remission. The results showed that the CD3⁺ CD4⁺, CD8⁺ rate and CD4⁺/CD8⁺ ratio in newly diagnosed ALL and AML children were significantly lower than those in control group (P < 0.05). The NK cell count in newly diagnosed children with acute leukemia was significantly lower than that in control group (P < 0.05). Although the NK cell count in ALL and AML children gradually rose at 3, 6, 12 months after complete remission, but it still was statistically different from normal control group (P < 0.05). It is concluded that children with acute leukima have cellular immune disfunction at onset and during treatment, but the cell immune function gradually recovered after complete remission achieved. However, its recovery rate is slow. The results of this study can provided a basis for subsequently use of immunomodulations in leukemia children.
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Child , Humans , CD4-CD8 Ratio , Flow Cytometry , Killer Cells, Natural , Leukemia , Allergy and Immunology , T-Lymphocyte Subsets , Allergy and ImmunologyABSTRACT
Background The excitotoxicity to retinal neurons caused by abnormal elevation of glutamate in retina is a common pathology concomitant with major blind-causing eye diseases.However,an effective approach to protect retinal neurons from glutamate-induced excitotoxicity is still lack.Intraperitoneal administration of α-melanocyte stimulating hormone(α-MSH)has been shown to protect hippocampal neurons from glutamate-induced excitotoxicity.Objective This study was to investigate the protective effect of α-MSH on glutamate-induced excitotoxicity in a chicken embryonic retinal explant culture system.Methods The retinas were isolated from chick embryos at embryonic day 9(E9) and cultured as explants.The explants at 3,5 and 7 days in vitro and the retinas at corresponding embryonic day 12,14 and 16(E12,E14,E16)were collected.The morphology of explant cultures was examined by hematoxylin and eosin staining,and the expression of melanocortin receptors (MCRs)was analyzed by real-time PCR.In the experiment of glutamate-induced excitotoxicity,the retinal explants at 4 days in vitro were treated with glutamate for 48 hours,α-MSH was incubated with the explants 30 minutes before and during the glutamate treatment period.Then the apoptotic cells were detected by TUNEL staining and quantified.The glutamate alone treated-explants and those treated with culture media were included as controls.The expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein(GFAP) at 48 hours after treatment in all retinal explants was analyzed by real-time PCR.Results Hematoxylin and eosin staining showed that the retinal explants exhibited similar morphology to those observed in the retinas from chick embryos at the corresponding developmental stages.The real-time PCR analyses of chick retinas showed that MC1R mRNA level at E9,E12,E14 and E16 was significantly lower than that in post-hatch day 1 (all P=0.000) ;whereas the transcript level of MC5R was significantly increased from E9 to E12 and E14 (both P =0.000),and then gradually decreased from E14 to P1.The expression of these genes showed similar temporal patterns in the retinal explant cultures.TUNEL staining revealed that treatment of the retinal explant cultures with α-MSH substantially and significantly reduced number of apoptotic cells induced by glutamate (P =0.000),which was accompanied by significant suppression of glutamate-induced GFAP up-regulation (P =0.000).Conclusions Application of α-MSH dramatically ameliorated glutamate-induced cell death in retinal explant cultures.This protective effect may be due to α-MSH-mediated suppression of astrogliosis caused by abnormal elevation of glutamate.
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<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Fanconi anemia is a severe congenital disorder associated with mutations in a cluster of genes responsible for DNA repair. Arriving at an accurate and timely diagnosis can be difficult in cases of Fanconi anemia with atypical clinical features. It is very important to increase the rate of accurate diagnosis for such cases in a clinical setting. The purpose of this study is to explore the clinical diagnosis of Fanconi anemia in children with atypical clinical features.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Six cases of Fanconi anemia with atypical clinical features were enrolled in the study, and their clinical features were recorded, their FANCA gene transcription was assessed by RT-PCR, and FANCA mutations and the ubiquitination of FANCD2 protein were analyzed using DNA sequencing and western blotting respectively.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>All six cases showed atypical clinical features including no apparent deformities, lack of response to immune therapy, and progressively increasing bone marrow failure. They also have significantly increased fetal hemoglobin, negative mitomycin-induced fracture test results, and carry a FANCA gene missense mutation. Single protein ubiquitination of FANCD2 was not observed in those patients.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The combination of clinical features, FANCA pathogenic gene mutation genotype and the absence of FANCD2 protein ubiquitination are helpful in the accurate and timely diagnosis of Fanconi anemia in children.</p>
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Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Male , Fanconi Anemia , Diagnosis , Genetics , Metabolism , Fanconi Anemia Complementation Group D2 Protein , Genetics , Metabolism , Mutation , UbiquitinationABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the effects of modified Bazhen Decoction (BZD) in assistant with enteral nutrition (EN) on the growth hormone, the nutritional state, and the immune function in patients with gastric cancer after operation.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The prospective, random, single-blinded, controlled clinical trial was adopted. 88 patients receiving gastric cancer operation were randomly assigned to the parenteral nutrition group (Group A, 27 cases), the EN group (Group B, 30 cases), and the comprehensive group (Group C, BZD in assistant with EN, 31 cases). Isocaloric and isonitrogenous parenteral nutritional support was given to patients in Group A from the operation day to the ninth day. Isocaloric and isonitrogenous EN was given to patients in Group B and C from the second day of operation till the ninth day. 100 mL BZD was nasal fed to patients in Group C during the second day to the ninth day after operation. The levels of the growth hormone, immune indices such as IgA, IgG, CD4+, CD8+, and CD4+/CD8+, etc., and nutritional indices such as serum albumin, prealbumin, transferrin, etc. were detected in the three groups one day before operation, on the 1st day after operation, and on the tenth day after operation.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The levels of IgA, IgG, CD4+, and CD4+/CD8+, serum albumin, prealbumin, transferrin decreased more than before operation in the three groups, with statistical difference (P<0.05). On the tenth day after operation, all indices in Group B and C were somewhat improved, showing statistical difference when compared with those in Group A (P<0.05). Besides, the aforesaid indices were higher in Group C than in Group B (P<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Modified BZD in assistant with EN could further promote the elevation of the growth hormone levels. Besides, it could further improve the nutrition state and the immune function.</p>
Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Drugs, Chinese Herbal , Therapeutic Uses , Enteral Nutrition , Growth Hormone , Nutritional Status , Phytotherapy , Postoperative Period , Prospective Studies , Single-Blind Method , Stomach Neoplasms , Drug Therapy , Allergy and Immunology , General SurgeryABSTRACT
Objective To assess the changes on the whole night polysomnography (PSG) in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome(CFS). Methods The whole night PSGs were recorded from 24 patients with CFS and 33 normal subjects. Results Compared with normal subjects, patients with CFS showed significantly reduced total sleep duration ([488.7?21.7]min vs [515.9?31.7]min, P
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Objective To provide an observational baseline by studying the nature and characteristics of in- frared thermograms of the spine area of the healthy young men.Methods Infrared thermograms of the spine area were collected using a TIP medical infrared thermograph.The average temperature of each unit area in the middle and on the two sides of the spine was measured.Results (1)Except certain unit areas in the cervical thorax and lum- bar sacral segments,the average temperature of each unit area in the middle of the spine was significantly higher than on the two sides.In the middle of the spine,the average temperature of the cervical thorax and lumbar sacral seg- ments was insignificantly higher than adjacent areas.The shape of the infrared thermograms of the cervical thorax and lumbar sacral segments resembled a triangle and a rhomboid,respectively.Conclusion The study provided para- meters and characteristics of infrared thermograms for clinical diagnosis and guidelines for rehabilitation therapy using an infrared thermograph.
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Objective To provide theoretic base by studying the nature and characteristic of infrared ther- mograph in lower limbs area of the healthy young man.Methods Collecting infrared thermograph in lower limbs ar- ea by TIP medical infrared thermograpb instrument (TIP,made in USA) ,the average temperature of each unit area of both lower limbs was measured.Results (1) The average temperature of each corresponding unit area in both side of lower limbs was adjacent (P＜0.05 ).(2) The temperature of both lower limbs (especial front and back side) distributinged in some rule.Conclusion The study provided parameter and characteristic of infrared therrnograph for clinical diagnosis and guideline of rehabilitation therapy by infrared thermograph instrument.